Unit Economics
Burn Rate
Burn rate is how fast a company spends its cash reserves, usually measured per month. Gross burn is total monthly spend; net burn is spend minus revenue.
Also known as: burn rate, gross burn, net burn
Why it matters
Burn rate decides how long you survive. Two startups with the same bank balance can have wildly different lifespans depending on burn. For a bootstrapper or pre-seed founder, knowing your net burn to the dollar is non-negotiable, because it sets your runway and your deadline to either hit profitability or raise. Cutting burn buys time, and time is what lets a validation bet play out.
Formula
Gross burn = total monthly expenses. Net burn = monthly expenses - monthly revenue.
Worked example
You spend $18,000 a month and earn $6,000 a month in revenue. Gross burn is $18,000. Net burn is $12,000.
Common mistakes
- Tracking only gross burn and ignoring that revenue offsets it.
- Letting burn creep up with headcount before revenue justifies it.
- Treating a one-off large expense as your steady-state burn.
Frequently asked questions
How do you calculate burn rate?
Gross burn is total monthly expenses. Net burn is monthly expenses minus monthly revenue. Net burn is what actually depletes your cash.
What is the difference between gross burn and net burn?
Gross burn ignores revenue and counts all spending. Net burn subtracts revenue, showing the real monthly cash drain. A company with strong revenue can have high gross burn but low net burn.
What is a good burn rate for a startup?
There is no universal number; it depends on your cash and growth. The real question is whether your burn leaves enough runway to hit your next milestone. Burn is only good relative to what it buys you.
How do you reduce burn rate?
Cut non-essential spend, slow hiring, renegotiate tooling, and raise prices to lift revenue. Headcount is usually the biggest lever. Every dollar of burn cut extends your runway.
Is a high burn rate always bad?
Not if it funds fast, efficient growth and you have the runway for it. It becomes dangerous when burn rises faster than results, or with no clear path to revenue. Burn without progress is just decline.
How does burn rate relate to runway?
Runway equals cash divided by net burn. Lower your burn and runway extends; raise it and the clock speeds up. They are two sides of the same survival math.
Related terms
More in Unit Economics
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Last updated 2026-06-02 · Back to the glossary