Reddit and niche communities
Reddit, plus Slack groups, Discords, and forums, is where your future customers already talk for free. It is the single best source for the real language of a problem, the workarounds people hate, and the tools they already pay for. The cost is time and discipline: it is unstructured, and confirmation bias makes it easy to read only the threads that agree with you. Go in to find reasons your idea is wrong, and you will get far more value out of it.
Google Trends
Google Trends is a free, fast way to see whether interest in a topic is climbing, flat, or fading, with rough seasonal and regional patterns. For a solo founder it is a good first filter on whether a market is alive or dying. It will not give you absolute volume or buying intent, so do not size a market from it. Use it to decide whether a space is worth deeper digging.
Keyword tools
Keyword tools (from free options like Google Keyword Planner to paid ones like Ahrefs or Semrush) show how many people actually search for a problem and the terms they use to describe it. That is some of the most honest demand data a solo founder can get cheaply. The paid tiers can be overkill and pricey for a single idea, and high volume alone does not prove people will pay. Read volume as evidence of attention, then check whether that attention converts.
Review mining
Mining reviews on the App Store, G2, Capterra, Amazon, and competitors' sites is an underrated way to find gaps. One- and two-star reviews tell you exactly what existing tools get wrong and what customers wish existed, which is where new products win. It is manual work and the signal is scattered across sites, so it takes patience to pull a pattern out. Done well, it hands you both your differentiation and your messaging.
Olune
Olune bundles the slowest parts of this work into one pass for solo founders short on time. It pulls live Reddit and community signals, real keyword search volume, and a competitor map, scores the idea across 7 dimensions, and returns a build-or-kill verdict in about 8 minutes. It is intentionally skeptical and will tell you to kill an idea when the data is thin, with a free tier of roughly 3 validations a day. It is not a full research suite or a replacement for reading reviews and talking to customers; think of it as the fast first pass that tells you which ideas deserve the manual deep dive.